Ụlọ ọrụ ethylene dị na China ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ banye n'oge tozuru okè, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emekarị PE, ethylene oxide (EO), EG, SM, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.Na 2020, ụdị ngwaahịa ise ahụ ruru ihe dịka 97.2% nke mkpokọta ethylene oriri.N'ime ha, mpaghara oriri kachasị ukwuu bụ PE, na-aza 63.5 pasent nke mkpokọta oriri.EO na EG sochiri nke a, bụ nke ruru 10.3% na 9.0% n'otu n'otu (lee foto 2).
1 |Usoro mmepe PE: asọmpi homogeneity siri ike, ihe dị iche iche, mmepe dị elu
PE isi ngwaahịa bụ linear ala density polyethylene (LLDPE), obere njupụta polyethylene (LDPE), elu njupụta polyethylene (HDPE) atọ edemede.PE nwere uru nke ọnụ ala dị ala na ezigbo kemịkalụ, a na-ejikwa ya n'ọrụ ugbo, ụlọ ọrụ na ndụ kwa ụbọchị.Site na 2016 ruo 2021, ikike mmepụta ụlọ PE gara n'ihu na-abawanye, yana nkezi uto nke 12%, yana ikike mmepụta nke 27.73 nde tọn / afọ na 2021.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwaahịa PE dị na China na-adabere na ihe ndị na-adịghị ala ala, na ngwaahịa PE dị elu na-adabere na mbubata, na enwere nsogbu nhazi doro anya, ya bụ njupụta nke ngwaahịa dị ala na enweghị ngwaahịa dị elu.N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, na mgbasawanye na-aga n'ihu nke ikike mmepụta ụlọ PE, asọmpi otu ga-adịwanye njọ, na ngbanwe ụlọ nke ngwaahịa ndị dị elu dị ukwuu.Inweta ngwaahịa metallocene polyethylene (mPE) dị ka ihe atụ, ugbu a ahịa ahịa ụlọ na-achọ ihe dị ka nde tọn 1 / afọ, na mmepụta China na 2020 bụ naanị ihe dị ka tọn 110,000.Nnukwu oghere na-enye ihe na-akpali ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ngwaahịa mPE na-ebubata ịbanye n'ahịa ndị China.Ya mere, ọ bara uru dị ukwuu maka PE ịzụlite na ntụziaka nke elu-ọgwụgwụ na iche iche.
2 |EO mmepe omume nke mwekota na EO/EG mgbanwe mgbanwe
A na-ejikarị EO eme ihe na mmepụta EG, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ejikwa ngwaọrụ mmepụta EO/EG.Na mgbakwunye, EO nwekwara ike iji na mmiri na-ebelata ihe, polyether, disinfection na sterilization ubi.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na nkwụsị nke nta nke nta nke uru ahịa ahịa EG, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ EO / EG malitere ịmalite ịmepụta EO, ma na-eburu n'uche mgbanwe mgbanwe nke abụọ ahụ, iji meziwanye uru akụ na ụba.Ikike mmepụta EO abawanyela nke ukwuu, ma mmepe nke ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru ala abanyela n'oge nkwụsịtụ, na ihe ngosi nke ịdị n'otu na ịdị n'otu pụtara ìhè.Ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi, dị ka polycarboxylic acid mmiri na-ebelata ihe nnọchite monomer, surfactant na ethanolamine, anọwo na-eche ọnọdụ nke oke ike ihu, asọmpi ụlọ ọrụ dị egwu, a na-ebelata ikike itinye n'ọrụ.Iji mee nke a, site na ntinye nke ụdị mmepe nke elu na nke mgbada, ga-akawanye mma iji kwalite asọmpi isi nke ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka ethylene, EO, EG, na-ewu polyether monomer (dị ka polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, methyl). allyl polyoxyethylene ether), polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (dị ka abụba polyoxyethylene ether) na zuru ezu ulo oru yinye, Gaa n'ihu na-agbasa downstream, ọgaranya ngwaahịa edemede.
3 |Dịka ọmụmaatụ: ịgbatị agbụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu mmepụta ngwaahịa
EG bụ mpaghara nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu nke ethylene.Site na 2016 ruo 2021, site na mmepụta nke ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ kemịkalụ kemịkalụ yana ọrụ nchacha na ọrụ kemịkalụ, ikike mmepụta EG mụbara kwa afọ, yana ikike mmepụta nke 21.452 nde tọn / afọ na 2021.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ikike EG na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, mana ọchịchọ ala ala agbadala, ike karịrị a ga-apụta ìhè.Site n'echiche nke njedebe oriri, a na-ejikarị EG anyị na-emepụta polyester, na-aza ajụjụ maka usoro oriri EG nke ihe karịrị 90%, ebe oriri na-eri nri dịtụ otu, enwere agbụ ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpirikpi, usoro ngwaahịa yiri ya, asọmpi ọnụahịa dị ala. nnukwu nsogbu.
N'ọdịnihu, anyị kwesịrị ịbawanye ngwa na mmepe nke unsaturated polyester resin, lubricating mmanụ, plasticizer, na-abụghị ionic surfactant, mkpuchi, ink na ndị ọzọ ọrụ site na ndọtị nke ulo oru yinye, nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe ọnọdụ nke otu ojiji, na-etolite otu. yinye ụlọ ọrụ site na mmepụta gaa na ngwa, melite uru ngwaahịa agbakwunyere, iji belata ihe egwu ahịa.
4 |Usoro SM: ikike mgbasawanye dị ịrịba ama, nkwụsi ike nke ụlọ ọrụ ala
The downstream nke SM bụ tumadi eji maka mmepụta nke styrene polymers na dị iche iche ionic polymers, dị ka combustible polystyrene (EPS), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), styrene roba. (SBR), styrene copolymer (SBC) na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.N'ime ha, EPS, PS na ABS nwere ihe karịrị 70% nke oriri SM na China, na ngwaahịa ha na-ejikarị na ngwa ụlọ, ngwá electronic, ụgbọala, ezigbo ala na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site na mmepụta nke nnukwu ala na-akwado SM nkeji maka nchacha na ntinye kemịkalụ na China na mmụba nke propylene oxide / styrene monomer (PO / SM) na-emepụta ihe, ikike mmepụta SM egosiwo ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto. .Site na 2020 ruo 2022, ikike mmepụta nke SM ahụwo uto ngwa ngwa, a na-atụkwa anya na ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2022, ikike mmepụta ga-agafe 20 nde tọn / afọ.Site na ntọhapụ nke ikike na-aga n'ihu, usoro nke ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ nke ụlọ ahụwo mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama, na mbubata na-adaba nke ọma na obere ego nke mbupụ net.Dị ka ikike mmepụta ọhụrụ nke SM dị ukwuu karịa nke benzene dị ọcha na 2021, akụrụngwa dị ọcha benzene dị n'ọnọdụ dị mkpụmkpụ, nke na-eme ka uru mmepụta nke SM dịkwuo mma.Site n'echiche nke oriri, n'etiti atọ downstream ahịa, naanị ABS ụlọ ọrụ na-ejigide a elu ọrụ ọnụego, nke na-eme ka o siri ike igbari ọkọnọ increment wetara site SM ọhụrụ mmepụta ikike.N'ihi ya, SM na-emetụta esemokwu dị n'etiti ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ na nkwado ọnụ ahịa, na ọnọdụ ahịa na-egosi usoro mgbanwe-oscillating.N'ahịa n'ikpeazụ, "akụ na ụba ụlọ" nke ọrịa COVID-19 kpatara akwalitela ire obere ngwa ụlọ.N'otu oge ahụ, ọnọdụ ọrịa na-efe efe ka na-esiwanye ike ná mba ọzọ, na mbupụ ngwaahịa mgbochi ọrịa na ụfọdụ ngwa ụlọ karịrị ihe a tụrụ anya ya, bụ nke mere ka ọchịchọ nke ụlọ ọrụ SM dịkwuo elu ma mee ka uru ahụ dịkwuo mma.
5 |Usoro mmepe PVC: ịdị mma na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-aga n'aka
PVC bụ ihe mbụ resin synthetic zuru ụwa ọnụ na mba anyị.Site na arụmọrụ ya pụtara ìhè na oke ọnụahịa, a na-eji ya eme ihe na ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa ndụ kwa ụbọchị, yana nguzogide iyi mara mma, ire ọkụ, nguzogide corrosion kemịkalụ na njirimara mkpuchi ọkụ.Mmepụta PVC na-enwekarị usoro nkwadebe abụọ, otu bụ usoro calcium carbide, ihe ndị bụ isi na-emepụta akụrụngwa bụ calcium carbide, coal na raw nnu.Na China, ejedebere site na onyinye akụ nke coal bara ụba, mmanụ na-esighị ike na obere gas, usoro calcium carbide bụ isi ụzọ.N'ime usoro mmepụta ihe, a na-eri nnukwu mmiri mmiri dị ọhụrụ, na e nwere ihe mgbochi dị ka nnukwu ike oriri na mmetọ.Nke abụọ, usoro ethylene, isi ihe eji eme ihe bụ mmanụ ala.Ahịa mba ụwa bụ usoro ethylene, nke nwere ezigbo ngwaahịa, teknụzụ dị elu, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, wdg, nwere ikike iji dochie usoro calcium carbide n'ọdịnihu.
China bụ onye na-emepụta PVC kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, ma bụrụkwa onye na-azụ ahịa, ahịa ụlọ dị n'ọnọdụ nke oke ike.Na ugbu a zuru ụwa ọnụ mmejuputa iwu kama ígwè, plastic kama osisi atụmatụ, belata oriri nke ịnweta akụ na osisi n'okpuru ndabere, PVC resin enwetawo nnukwu mmepe, downstream ngwa ahịa na-aga n'ihu na-amụba, na plastic profaịlụ, ọgwụ mmịnye ọbara ọbara. tubes, akpa mmịnye ọbara, ụgbọ ala, ihe ụfụfụ na mpaghara ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ na-ejikarị eme ihe.Site na mmụba nke usoro ime obodo nke China na nkwalite ọnọdụ obibi ndụ nke ndị bi, a na-ebuli atụmanya na ihe ndị mmadụ chọrọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe niile.N'okpuru ala nke ụlọ ọrụ PVC abanyela n'ọgba asọmpi kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'etiti ịdị mma na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, na mpaghara ngwa na-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye na usoro nke mmepe dịgasị iche iche pụtara ìhè.
6 |mmepe ngwaahịa ọzọ |
Ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ ethylene dị n'okpuru ala, dị ka ethylene - vinyl acetate, mmanya polyvinyl, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymer na ethylene - acrylic acid copolymer, epdm, wdg, akaụntụ ugbu a maka ntakịrị ntakịrị, atụmanya ngwa ahụ. nke dịtụ kwụsiri ike, nke ugbu a ngwa sharply gbasaa atụmanya enweghị ike ịhụ, nwekwara ike ịhụ na-anọchi anya a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke egwu.Ngwaahịa polyolefin dị elu na-ejedebe n'ozuzu site na mgbochi teknụzụ mba ọzọ, dị ka ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hxene, 1-octene, wdg) copolymer, teknụzụ ụlọ adịghị eto, enwere nnukwu ohere. maka mmepe.Ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ethylene dị n'okpuru ala kwekọrọ na ntụzịaka nke mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mkpa nke nkwalite oriri.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'okpuru ndabere nke elu carbon na nnọpụiche carbon, ụlọ ọrụ fotovoltaic na-abanye n'okporo ụzọ mmepe ngwa ngwa, ọchịchọ maka ihe EVA fotovoltaic ga-abawanye na nnukwu ọsọ ọsọ, na ọnụahịa ahịa nke ethylene acetate ga-anọgide na-agba ọsọ na ọkwa dị elu. .
A na-atụ anya na ka ọ na-erule 2025, ikike mmepụta ethylene nke China ga-agafe nde tọn 70 / afọ, nke ga-egbo mkpa anụ ụlọ, ma enwere ike ịnwe njupụta.N'okpuru mmetụta nke iwu "nchịkwa okpukpu abụọ" nke mba na oriri ume, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ coal na ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical ga-eche ule siri ike n'oge 14th nke afọ Atụmatụ ise, nke ga-eme ka ejighị n'aka na ethylene oru ngo na-eji fossil akụ dị ka raw. ihe.N'ihe banyere oke ikuku carbon na nnọpụiche carbon, a dụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ọdụ ka ha tụlee n'ụzọ zuru ezu mbelata na nnọchi nke ikuku carbon mgbe ha na-eme atụmatụ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ, dochie ike fossil na ume ọhụrụ na ọkụ eletrik dị ọcha, na-ewepụ ike mmepụta azụ azụ ma belata oke ikike, ma kwalite mgbanwe mmepụta na nkwalite.
Ethylene na hydrogen emepụtara site na oru ngo nke ethane cracking na ethylene bụ ihe akụrụngwa dị mkpa nke ahịa ụlọ chọrọ, na-enwe atụmanya mmepe dị ukwuu na uru siri ike.Na-adabere kpamkpam na mbubata, akụrụngwa ethane nke ụlọ, Otú ọ dị, e nwere otu isi ihe eji eme ihe, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ndị a raara nye, ihe isi ike njem ụgbọ mmiri, dị ka "ihe ize ndụ" ha, na-atụ aro National Development and Reform Commission na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ iji wusie nduzi atụmatụ ike. , Enterprise ijikọta na ha onwe ha n'ezie ọnọdụ, mepụta oru ngo feasibility, zere "set, gbasasịa na a hubbub" ntule.
Ethylene downstream karịsịa ihe nrụpụta dị elu, ga-ebute nnukwu ohere ahịa.Dị ka mPE, ethylene-a-olefin copolymer, ultra-high molecular arọ polyethylene, mmanya carbon dị elu, cyclic olefin polymer na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ ga-abụ ebe ahịa na-elekwasị anya.N'ọdịnihu, ọrụ ọhụrụ dị ka nchacha na ntinye nke kemịkalụ, CTO / MTO, na ethane cracking ga-enye ihe ọkụkụ ethylene zuru ezu iji mee ka mmepe nke ethylene dị ala na-aga n'ihu na ntụziaka nke "iche, elu-ọgwụgwụ na arụ ọrụ".
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-03-2022